This study was carried out to assess the impact of resettlement on the livelihood of resettlers in attaining food security and also to analyze its impact on the sustainable use of natural resources. The findings show that in all study regions: SNNPR and Oromia, and Tigray and Amhara, resettlement improved the livelihood condition of resettled communities to a great extent. On the other hand, the resettlement programs caused a huge destruction of forests and disappearance of wildlife.
The resettlement program has benefited both the resettlers and the host communities by providing basic infrastructure. However, the health situation is still poor both in Tigray and Amhara.
In all the regions studied, both the host communities and the legal resettlers blame illegal settlers for exploiting the natural resources of the area, and claim that they are causing irreversible damage to the ecosystem. The resettlers and the host communities have a smooth relationship with minor conflict over ownership of natural resources and differences in their cultural background on the use of natural resource and management.