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The present report is a critical review of the interventions of Norwegian People’s Aid (NPA) to promote food security in two counties of war-torn Southern Sudan. The NPA is one of the few organizations that have moved beyond short-term relief to the victims towards enabling them to rebuild their household economies through local development in areas governed by the SPLM. It began its operations in 1986 with food aid for the displaced and others affected by the war. Subsequently, it added medical assistance to its relief activities. Since 1994-95, it has been implementing a dual strategy of immediate humanitarian assistance to alleviate suffering and reduce mortality, and to build human capacities to enhance food security at the household level. This is an approach that strives to integrate relief and development in a war-torn society and it is being operated in collaboration with local partners. It is also expected to enable the development of civil society. The Team of Consultants was mandated to review the socio-economic impact of the NPA’s programme in the Yirol and Rumbek Counties with reference to stabilisation of operational areas in terms of food security, social change and sustainability at the local level, NPA’s capacity to assist administrative capacity and civil society building in South Sudan, and the role of local authorities as partners of the programme.