Population: 70 million (UNFPA, 2003) Capital: Addis Ababa
Ethiopia is one of the oldest independent countries in Africa and in the world. It has only been occupied by Italy, but it has never been colonized. Ethiopia has a very diverse population with more than 70 distinct ethnic and linguistic groups. Ethiopia suffers from droughts and armed conflicts. Given the size of its population, it does not receive much foreign assistance, however it is highly dependent on it. Since half of the country’s GDP is based on agriculture the main crop for its economy being coffee and the low price of it, Ethiopia is highly indebted. According to the World Bank 44% of its population is under the poverty line while the UNDP (2003) estimates that 82% of the population lives on less than one US dollar per day. Ethiopia is ranked 169 out of the 175 countries on the UNDP Human Development Index (2003). The following environmental issues are found in Ethiopia: desertification, deforestation, soil erosion, overgrazing, and poor land management.
Ethiopia and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification:
Signature: October 15, 1994 Ratification: June 27, 1995 Entry into force: September 25, 1997
(Sources: Norad 2004, MSN Encarta 2004)
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